What is permafrost?

Permafrost is defined as permanently frozen ground that remains at or below 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more consecutive years. This phenomenon occurs primarily in polar regions and high mountain areas, where temperatures are consistently low enough to prevent the ground from thawing completely.

The consistent freezing of this layer impacts ecosystems, infrastructure, and geochemical cycles, making it a significant feature in studies related to climate change and environmental science. Understanding permafrost is essential for grasping how changes in temperature can lead to larger environmental impacts, as its thawing can release greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide.

In contrast to this understanding, temporarily frozen ground refers to soil or sediment that can freeze and thaw seasonally, which does not define permafrost. Wetland ground and ground with high moisture content describe soil conditions that do not necessarily involve freezing, further distinguishing them from the concept of permafrost. This clarity highlights why the designation of permanently frozen ground is critical for understanding not only the term but its broader implications in environmental science.