What is the main characteristic of federalism?

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Federalism is primarily characterized by the division of power between the national government and state governments. This system creates a structure where both levels of government have their own distinct powers and responsibilities, allowing for a balance that can accommodate regional differences while maintaining a unified national policy.

This decentralized approach promotes local governance and enables states to enact and enforce laws and regulations that are more tailored to the needs of their specific populations. The national government typically handles broader issues such as defense and foreign affairs, while states manage local matters like education and transportation. This division fosters a more participative form of government and helps prevent the over-concentration of power at any one level, which can lead to authoritarianism.

The other options describe different forms of governance or power distribution that do not align with the fundamental principles of federalism. Centralized government structures focus power within a single national authority, while systems where only states hold power or where power is distributed among interest groups do not embody the balanced distribution of responsibilities characteristic of federalism.

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