What system allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches?

The correct answer is Checks and Balances. This system is integral to the structure of the United States government and is designed to ensure that no single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—can operate without oversight or authority check from the others.

Checks and Balances work by giving each branch distinct powers and the ability to limit the actions of the other branches. For instance, the executive branch can veto legislation passed by the legislative branch, while the legislative branch has the authority to confirm or deny presidential appointments and override vetoes. Meanwhile, the judicial branch can interpret laws and adjudicate disputes, effectively ensuring that both the executive and legislative branches adhere to the Constitution.

This interaction promotes a balance of power, preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful, thereby preserving democratic governance and accountability. The concept is foundational to the functioning of the U.S. government as envisioned by the framers of the Constitution.

In contrast, Separation of Powers refers more specifically to the establishment of the three distinct branches of government, and Federalism describes the distribution of power between national and state governments. Judicial Review allows courts to evaluate laws and executive actions but is a component within the Checks and Balances framework.