What was a direct effect of the Plessy vs. Ferguson case that was later overturned?

The Plessy v. Ferguson case, decided in 1896, established the legal precedent of "separate but equal," which upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation in public facilities. This ruling directly led to the establishment and justification of separate facilities for education, transportation, and other public services, specifically in the Southern United States. As a result, this case provided a legal foundation for discriminatory practices that persisted for decades.

This separation was formalized into laws, which allowed for a wide range of public services to be segregated by race, arguing that the facilities for different races could be "equal." However, in practice, the facilities for African Americans were often vastly inferior to those for whites. This aspect of the ruling was eventually challenged and overturned by the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional, effectively dismantling the legal underpinning for segregated public services established by Plessy v. Ferguson.

In contrast, the other options presented do not directly correlate with the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. Interracial marriage, equal representation in government, and housing discrimination are issues that emerged in different legal contexts and were addressed by separate legislative changes or